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Grave of the Fireflies (short story)
is a 1967 semi-autobiographical short story by Japanese author Akiyuki Nosaka. It is based on his experiences before, during, and after the firebombing of Kobe in 1945. One of his sisters died as the result of a sickness, his adoptive father died during the firebombing proper, and his younger adoptive sister Keiko died of malnutrition in Fukui. It was written as a personal apology to Keiko, regarding her death.
The story was first published in Japan in オール読物 (Ōru Yomimono) "All For Reading", a monthly literature magazine published by Bungei Shunju, in October 1967. Nosaka won the Naoki Prize for best popular literature for this story and ''American Hijiki'', which was published a month before. Both short stories along with four others were bundled as a book in 1968 published by Shinchōsha (ISBN 4-10-111203-7). The short story was later adapted into the 1988 anime film ''Grave of the Fireflies'', directed by Isao Takahata. The film was released on April 16, 1988, over twenty years from the publication of the original work.〔"The Animerica Interview: Takahata and Nosaka: Two Grave Voices in Animation." ''Animerica''. Volume 2, No. 11. Page 9. Translated by ''Animerica'' from: Takahata, Isao. ''Eiga o Tsukurinagara, Kangaeta Koto'' ("Things I Thought While Making Movies") ''Tokuma Shoten'', 1991. Originally published in ''Animage'', June 1987. This is a translation of a 1987 conversation between Takahata and Akiyuki Nosaka.〕 It was adapted again into a live action television film ''Grave of the Fireflies''.
Nosaka explained that ''Grave of the Fireflies'' is a "double-suicide story."〔"The Animerica Interview: Takahata and Nosaka: Two Grave Voices in Animation." ''Animerica''. Volume 2, No. 11. Page 7. Translated by ''Animerica'' from: Takahata, Isao. ''Eiga o Tsukurinagara, Kangaeta Koto'' ("Things I Thought While Making Movies") ''Tokuma Shoten'', 1991. Originally published in ''Animage'', June 1987. This is a translation of a 1987 conversation between Takahata and Akiyuki Nosaka.〕 Isao Takahata, the film director, said that he saw similarities to Chikamatsu Monzaemon's double-suicide plays.〔
==Development==
Akiyuki Nosaka wrote the book in 1967, during a period of high economic growth. Nosaka said that the era felt strange to him and that "the real spirit of humanity was different" and so he wished to depict an "idealized humanity" between a brother and sister, or "ultimately, of a man and a woman."〔 He added that he wished to place Seita, the main character, "in an idealized situation." Nosaka said that he himself had been in such a scenario until fourteen and then had to grow up very quickly, becoming "worse off" than other children.〔
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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